Heat Pump Not Keeping Up in Cold Weather

Quick answer

If your heat pump struggles to maintain temperature in cold weather, start by checking the thermostat settings. Ensure the outdoor unit is clear of debris and snow. If the issue persists, you may need to inspect the refrigerant levels or the defrost control board.

Confirm the symptom

• Heat pump runs constantly but doesn't heat the home adequately.
• Home temperature drops significantly when it's very cold outside.
• Heat pump short cycles (turns on and off frequently).
• Ice buildup on the outdoor unit during cold weather.
• Thermostat shows the heat pump is running, but rooms feel cold.

Tools and prep

• Safety gloves
• Screwdrivers (flathead and Phillips)
• Multimeter
• Flashlight
• Comfortable clothing for outdoor work
• Turn off the power to the heat pump at the circuit breaker.
• Clear the area around the outdoor unit of debris and snow.

Step-by-step troubleshooting

1. Check Thermostat Settings
   Do: Ensure the thermostat is set to 'Heat' mode and the temperature is set higher than the current room temperature.
   Observe: Whether the heat pump responds by turning on.
   Means: The thermostat is set correctly.
   Next: Proceed to the next step.
2. Inspect Outdoor Unit
   Do: Clear any debris, snow, or ice from the outdoor unit.
   Observe: Whether the unit is free of obstructions.
   Means: The outdoor unit is clean and clear.
   Next: Proceed to the next step.
3. Check Air Filter
   Do: Locate and remove the air filter, then clean or replace it if necessary.
   Observe: Whether the air filter is dirty or clogged.
   Means: The air filter is clean.
   Next: Proceed to the next step.
4. Inspect Refrigerant Lines
   Do: Visually inspect the refrigerant lines for any signs of leaks or damage.
   Observe: Whether there are any visible issues with the refrigerant lines.
   Means: The refrigerant lines appear intact.
   Next: Proceed to the next step.
5. Test Defrost Control Board
   Do: Use a multimeter to test the defrost control board for proper functioning.
   Observe: Whether the defrost control board is working correctly.
   Means: The defrost control board is functioning properly.
   Next: Proceed to the next step.
6. Check Reversing Valve
   Do: Inspect the reversing valve for any signs of malfunction.
   Observe: Whether the reversing valve is operating correctly.
   Means: The reversing valve is in good working order.
   Next: If all steps are clear and the issue persists, consult the causes table or call a professional.

Common causes

Parts matching

If you need to replace any parts, ensure they match your heat pump's make and model. Always follow safety guidelines when handling refrigerants.

• Refrigerant (ensure you have the correct type for your system)
• Defrost Control Board
• Air Filter (appropriate size for your unit)
• Reversing Valve (compatible with your heat pump model)

Consider purchasing parts from a reputable supplier to ensure quality and compatibility.

When to call a professional

• If you suspect a refrigerant leak.
• If the defrost control board or reversing valve needs replacement.
• If the heat pump continues to struggle after basic troubleshooting.
• If you are not comfortable performing any of the steps yourself.
• If there are any signs of electrical issues or unusual noises.

FAQ

Related guides

• heat pump not heating
• heat pump reversing valve
• heat pump not keeping up in cold weather

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