Refrigerator Not Working Troubleshooting (Troubleshooting Guide)

On this page

Quick answer
Confirm the symptom
Tools and prep
Step-by-step troubleshooting
Common causes table
Parts matching
When to call a pro
FAQ
Related guides

Quick answer

First, check the power supply and ensure the refrigerator is plugged in. Verify the thermostat setting and look for tripped circuit breakers or blown fuses. If the power is fine, the issue might be a faulty compressor or temperature control board.

Confirm the symptom

Fridge and freezer not cooling
No power to refrigerator
No humming or clicking sounds from the compressor

Tools and prep

Screwdrivers (flathead and Phillips)
Multimeter
Flashlight
Thermometer
Owner's manual
Work gloves
Turn off power at the circuit breaker before starting

Step-by-step troubleshooting

Check Power Supply
Do: Ensure the refrigerator is plugged in securely and the outlet is working.
Observe: Outlet powers other devices
Means: Power supply is functional
Next: Check thermostat settings
Check Thermostat Settings
Do: Set the fridge and freezer thermostats to the correct temperature (typically 37°F for fridge, 0°F for freezer).
Observe: Thermostat is set correctly
Means: Thermostat is not the issue
Next: Inspect condenser coils
Inspect Condenser Coils
Do: Clean the condenser coils (located underneath or on the back of the fridge) using a vacuum or brush.
Observe: Coils are free of dust and debris
Means: Improved airflow may resolve the issue
Next: Check for tripped circuit breaker
Check for Tripped Circuit Breaker
Do: Locate the electrical panel and check if the circuit breaker for the refrigerator is tripped.
Observe: Breaker is in the 'on' position
Means: Power is restored
Next: Listen for compressor sounds
Listen for Compressor Sounds
Do: Wait 15–30 minutes and listen for the compressor to start (humming or clicking sounds).
Observe: Compressor is running or not running
Means: Compressor may be faulty if no sound is heard
Next: Test temperature control board
Test Temperature Control Board
Do: Use a multimeter to test the temperature control board for continuity.
Observe: Board has continuity or no continuity
Means: Faulty board if no continuity
Next: Check evaporator fan motor
Check Evaporator Fan Motor
Do: Open the freezer and check if the evaporator fan is spinning and making noise.
Observe: Fan is spinning or not spinning
Means: Faulty fan motor if not spinning
Next: Inspect door seals
Inspect Door Seals
Do: Check the door gaskets for cracks or gaps that may allow cold air to escape.
Observe: Seals are intact and create a tight seal
Means: Door seals are not the issue
Next: Consult a professional technician

Common causes

Cause	Likelihood	Difficulty	Part often needed
Power Supply Issues Refrigerator not receiving electricity due to outlet, cord, or circuit problems.	Common	Easy	None
Incorrect Thermostat Settings Thermostat set too high or malfunctioning.	Common	Easy	Thermostat
Dirty Condenser Coils Dust and debris on coils reduce efficiency and cooling.	Common	Easy	None
Tripped Circuit Breaker Overload or power surge tripped the breaker.	Common	Easy	None
Faulty Compressor Compressor fails to start or run, preventing cooling.	Sometimes	Hard	Compressor
Faulty Temperature Control Board Board fails to regulate temperature settings properly.	Sometimes	Medium	Temperature control board
Faulty Evaporator Fan Motor Fan not circulating cold air in the freezer or fridge.	Sometimes	Medium	Evaporator fan motor
Worn Door Seals Air leaks through damaged or loose seals, reducing cooling efficiency.	Sometimes	Easy	Door gasket
Overloaded Refrigerator Too much food blocks airflow and hinders cooling.	Rare	Easy	None
Faulty Start Relay Relay fails to start the compressor.	Rare	Medium	Start relay

Parts matching

If you need to replace parts, match these common issues with the correct components:

Power issues → Check outlet, cord, and circuit breaker
Thermostat issues → Replace thermostat
Dirty coils → Clean coils with vacuum or brush
Compressor issues → Replace compressor
Temperature control board issues → Replace temperature control board
Evaporator fan motor issues → Replace evaporator fan motor
Door seal issues → Replace door gasket

Always refer to your refrigerator's owner's manual for specific part numbers and installation instructions.

When to call a professional

Refrigerator still not working after checking all basic issues
Compressor does not make any sound when power is restored
You need to replace the compressor or temperature control board
You are unsure about electrical testing or part replacement
Refrigerator is under warranty and you don't want to risk voiding it

FAQ

How long should I wait for the refrigerator to start working after checking the power?

Wait at least 15–30 minutes for the compressor to start. If it still doesn't work, check other components like the thermostat or compressor.

Can a dirty condenser coil cause the refrigerator to stop working?

Yes, dirty condenser coils can reduce cooling efficiency and cause the refrigerator to stop working properly. Clean them regularly to maintain performance.

What should I do if the thermostat settings are correct but the fridge is still not cooling?

Check for a faulty temperature control board, evaporator fan motor, or compressor. These components may need to be tested or replaced.

How can I test if the compressor is working?

Listen for a humming or clicking sound from the back of the fridge. If you hear nothing, the compressor may be faulty and need replacement.

Is it safe to replace parts like the compressor or temperature control board myself?

Replacing these parts requires electrical knowledge and tools. If you're not confident, it's best to call a professional technician to avoid safety risks.