Refrigerator Not Cooling or Freezing

Quick answer

Check the temperature settings, ensure the condenser coils are clean, and verify the door seals are tight. If the fridge still doesn't cool, the evaporator fan or defrost system may be faulty.

Confirm the symptom

• Fridge compartment is warm or not cold enough
• Freezer is not freezing items properly
• Condensation or frost buildup inside the fridge
• Unusual noises from the back or bottom of the unit
• Fridge runs constantly without cycling off

Tools and prep

• Screwdrivers (flathead and Phillips)
• Soft cloth or brush for cleaning coils
• Thermometer to check internal temperature
• Flashlight for inspecting coils and components
• Owner's manual for model-specific info
• Work gloves for safety
• Ensure the refrigerator is unplugged before checking internal components

Step-by-step troubleshooting

1. Check Temperature Settings
   Do: Verify the temperature settings on both the fridge and freezer compartments.
   Observe: Settings are correct (35–40°F for fridge, 0°F for freezer).
   Means: Incorrect settings may prevent proper cooling.
   Next: Adjust settings if needed and wait 24 hours to see if cooling improves.
2. Inspect Door Seals
   Do: Close the door on a piece of paper and try to pull it out.
   Observe: Seals are tight and don't let the paper slide out easily.
   Means: Loose or damaged seals let cold air escape.
   Next: Replace seals if they are damaged or not sealing properly.
3. Clean Condenser Coils
   Do: Locate and clean the condenser coils (usually at the back or bottom of the fridge).
   Observe: Coils are free of dust and debris.
   Means: Dirty coils reduce cooling efficiency.
   Next: Allow coils to dry completely before plugging the fridge back in.
4. Check for Frost Buildup
   Do: Inspect the evaporator coils inside the freezer for excessive frost.
   Observe: Evaporator coils are not covered in thick frost.
   Means: Frost buildup can block airflow and prevent cooling.
   Next: If frost is present, check the defrost system components.
5. Test Evaporator Fan
   Do: Listen for the evaporator fan running when the freezer is operating.
   Observe: Fan is running quietly and continuously when the freezer is on.
   Means: A faulty fan can prevent cold air from circulating.
   Next: If the fan is not working, it may need to be replaced.
6. Inspect Defrost System
   Do: Check the defrost timer, heater, and thermostat for proper operation.
   Observe: Defrost system components are functioning correctly.
   Means: A malfunctioning defrost system can cause excessive frost and poor cooling.
   Next: Replace any faulty defrost components as needed.
7. Check for Level Placement
   Do: Ensure the refrigerator is level on the floor.
   Observe: The fridge is stable and does not rock side to side.
   Means: An uneven fridge can affect door seals and cooling performance.
   Next: Adjust the leveling legs if the fridge is not sitting evenly.
8. Verify Airflow Vents
   Do: Check that the vents between the fridge and freezer are not blocked.
   Observe: Air can flow freely between compartments.
   Means: Blocked vents prevent cold air from reaching the fridge.
   Next: Clear any obstructions from the vents and ensure proper airflow.
9. Test Compressor
   Do: Listen for the compressor to start and run when the fridge is on.
   Observe: Compressor is running and producing a normal hum.
   Means: A failed compressor will prevent the fridge from cooling.
   Next: If the compressor is not working, professional repair or replacement may be needed.

Common causes

Parts matching

If you need to replace parts, match these common components to your refrigerator model:

• Door gasket for sealing the fridge and freezer doors
• Evaporator fan motor for circulating cold air
• Defrost timer, heater, or thermostat for managing frost buildup
• Condenser coil cleaning brush for maintaining airflow
• Leveling legs to ensure the fridge sits evenly

Always refer to your owner's manual for specific part numbers and installation instructions.

When to call a professional

• The compressor does not run or makes loud, unusual noises.
• You suspect a refrigerant leak (requires professional handling).
• After checking all steps, the fridge still does not cool properly.
• You're unsure about diagnosing or replacing internal components like the defrost system.
• The refrigerator is under warranty and you don't want to risk voiding it.
• You notice a burning smell or electrical issues during inspection.

FAQ

Related guides

• refrigerator making loud noise
• refrigerator temperature too warm

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